Kenya on Alert as Marburg Virus Claims Lives in Tanzania

Eight people have lost their lives in Tanzania due to a suspected outbreak of Marburg Virus Disease (MVD) in the Kagera region. The World Health Organization (WHO) has called for heightened vigilance in neighboring countries, including Kenya, Uganda, Rwanda, Burundi, the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), and Mozambique.

WHO has urged these nations to enhance their surveillance and response capabilities at border points. Additionally, they emphasized the importance of collaboration among neighboring countries to streamline reporting and improve readiness for early detection, isolation, and treatment of cases.

Reported Cases and Symptoms

On January 10, 2025, six people in Kagera were diagnosed with suspected MVD, resulting in five deaths. The following day, nine additional cases were reported, with eight fatalities across Biharamulo and Muleba districts, bringing the case fatality rate to 89%.

Samples from two patients are currently being tested at the National Public Health Laboratory for confirmation. Several healthcare workers and other contacts are under observation.

Patients exhibited symptoms such as severe headache, high fever, back pain, diarrhea, vomiting blood (haematemesis), weakness, and, in advanced stages, external bleeding.

Response Measures and Guidelines

WHO has highlighted the need for well-equipped isolation and treatment centers to protect healthcare workers and prevent further transmission. They have also stressed implementing safe and respectful burial practices for those who succumb to the disease to limit community exposure.

Currently, there are no approved vaccines or treatments for MVD, though several candidates are under development. WHO has pointed out that outbreaks like this provide an opportunity to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of these experimental vaccines.

Preventative Actions for Communities

To reduce human-to-human transmission, locals are advised to avoid direct contact with infected individuals or their bodily fluids. Symptomatic patients should seek care immediately and remain isolated in designated treatment centers. Families are urged not to care for sick individuals at home, handle the bodies of the deceased, or touch potentially contaminated items. If any symptoms develop, prompt medical attention is crucial.

Reducing Animal-to-Human Transmission

Since MVD is linked to fruit bats, individuals should avoid spending extended periods in caves or mines inhabited by these bats. If visiting such areas, wearing protective clothing, gloves, and masks is essential. All animal products should be thoroughly cooked before consumption, particularly during an outbreak.

WHO reiterated that travel and trade restrictions with Tanzania are not necessary at this stage but called for heightened public awareness and preventive measures to curb the spread of the disease.