M23 and AFC Tried to Partner with ADF, but Talks Failed: UN Reports

In 2024, the M23-AFC coalition attempted to form a non-aggression pact with the Allied Democratic Forces (ADF), according to a UN report seen by XtrAfrica. UN experts gathered this information after interviewing sources familiar with the armed groups operating in eastern DRC.

Attempts to Form a Pact

The report mentions that the M23-AFC coalition, which includes the former M23 rebel group and other armed factions, approached the ADF, a group with Islamist ties. The goal was to agree on safe passage and reduce conflict between them. These talks reportedly took place as the AFC-M23 coalition advanced into Lubero territory, although AFC leaders publicly denied any such discussions.

Meetings in Kampala

The UN report, presented to the Security Council on December 27, revealed that representatives from the ADF and AFC-M23 held discussions in Kampala, Uganda. In March 2024, a former member of the AFC-M23 coalition disclosed that he met with a key figure, Corneille Nangaa, to discuss cooperation. The proposed agreement aimed to allow AFC-M23 recruits safe passage through ADF-controlled areas, while the ADF was asked to reduce attacks on FARDC positions.

ADF Leader Rejects Alliance

Despite these efforts, the negotiations failed. ADF leader Seka Musa Baluku reportedly distrusted the AFC-M23 coalition and refused their offer. He declared at a rally that he had no interest in alliances and would continue attacks on civilians, whom he referred to as "infidels."

The failed talks highlight the complicated nature of the conflicts in eastern DRC. Armed groups often explore non-aggression pacts to further their goals, but these agreements are rarely successful. Meanwhile, the ongoing violence in North Kivu and Ituri continues to undermine efforts to restore peace and government authority.

The ADF, originally a Ugandan armed group, has operated in eastern DRC for decades. Known for its brutal attacks on civilians, the ADF, under the leadership of Seka Musa Baluku, has also been linked to terrorist activities in the region.