Death Penalty in the DRC: “This Does Not Change Our Human Rights Commitments” Patrick Muyaya

The Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) had not carried out the death penalty since 2003, even though courts continued to sentence people to death. However, with the return of the M23 rebellion, backed by Rwanda, the government decided to resume executions.

This decision has drawn criticism from human rights groups, the opposition, and the international community. Despite this, the government of Kinshasa insists that resuming the death penalty does not conflict with its commitment to human rights.

Patrick Muyaya, the Minister of Communication and Media, explained the decision during a press briefing on January 6, 2025. He emphasized that the DRC is in a time of war and under aggression, which requires strong measures. He reassured that the move does not contradict the country's progress in respecting human rights. Muyaya also highlighted that the DRC had been recognized for achievements in other areas, such as media freedom and rights for people with disabilities.

The government also expressed frustration with countries criticizing its actions. Muyaya argued that some of these nations have the power to stop Rwanda’s involvement but choose not to act. He stated that the DRC is using all available means to restore peace in the East and punish those guilty of treason within its forces.

The worsening security in North Kivu, due to clashes between the FARDC-Wazalendo coalition and M23 rebels, led to the Higher Defense Council calling for the lifting of the death penalty moratorium. This council, headed by President Félix Tshisekedi, met on February 5, 2024, and pushed for this measure as part of addressing treason and urban violence.

A month later, the Council of Ministers approved the decision. Rose Mutombo, the Minister of state, issued a circular to prosecutors announcing the resumption of executions. She explained that the aim is to eliminate traitors within the army and combat terrorism and urban crime.

The government justifies the move as a response to Rwanda’s aggression and the increasing violence in the DRC’s major cities.